Are you here to ? Booking a ? Get an idea for ? Get some advice on ? Get some ? Or see what online magazines, newspapers and other resources we have available in the ?

The only children's choice book award in Hong Kong is now in its 7th year. The Awards are an opportunity for students of all ages in Hong Kong to vote on their favourite books. The books are nominated by schools across Hong Kong and the short list is selected by a panel of librarians from both primary and secondary schools. Books are chosen for their broad appeal, subject matter, design and international representation.

Older Readers (11 to 15 years)

Mature Readers (15 to 18 Years)

Public Domain Books

• Standard eBooks

• Project Gutenberg eBooks

Top Public Domain Books

• Nineteen eighty-four by George Orwell Text --HTML--EPUB-- MOBI

• Animal Farm by George Orwell Text-- HTML--EPUB-- MOBI

• The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath

• Make sure you check that MyBib has added all the essential information, like the author.

• Make sure the website name matches the name as it appears on the website. e.g. YouTube, not www.youtube.com

Common Problems with MyBib

• Incorrect Title

• Incorrect Author

• Incorrect Website Name

Works Cited in MLA

The Works Cited list in MLA format is a comprehensive list of every source that was cited in the text of your paper. Located at the end of your document, it provides full bibliographic information for each source, allowing readers to locate each item independently. This list should be alphabetically ordered by the author's last name and include specific details such as authors, titles, publication dates, and more, according to the MLA guidelines.

• Misconception about the title:

  • MLA format calls it "Works Cited."

  • APA format refers to it as "References."

  • Chicago style labels it "Bibliography" or "Reference List," depending on citation method (notes and bibliography vs. author-date).

Horror Books in the VSA Library

Register for your free account at www.ft.com/schoolsarefree.

Enter your school name and official email while you are on school premises, which will allow you to read the FT on mobile and from home.

What is Historical Fiction?

Historical fiction is a genre of literature that takes readers back in time, allowing them to experience different historical periods, places, and events through the eyes of fictional or sometimes real characters. These stories are set in the past and often feature detailed descriptions of historical settings, customs, and everyday life, blending fictional elements with real-life history to create immersive narratives. Historical fiction, can completely transport you to another place and time, helping you to excape from the present while better understanding the history.

Historical fiction brings history to life, and allows you to experience different times and cultures through exciting stories and interesting characters.

Usually historical fiction stories are set more than 20 years in the past.

Some of the most popular settings for historical fiction in middle school books include:

• World War II, The MIddle Ages, Ancient Civilizations. ..

Classics

Historical Fiction Books that are shelved in another Genre

• Historical Mystery: Combines historical settings with mysteries or detective elements, where characters solve crimes or uncover secrets from the past.

• Historical Romance: Focuses on romantic relationships set against a historical backdrop, often exploring the challenges and social expectations of the time.

• Historical Fantasy: Adds magical or supernatural elements to historical settings, blending real events with mythical or fantastical aspects.

• Historical Adventure: Centers on thrilling journeys or quests within historical periods, often featuring explorations, battles, or escapes.

• Historical Thriller: Involves suspense and high-stakes tension, often set around wartime, espionage, or political intrigue in historical eras.

• Historical Horror is another compelling blend with historical fiction! In historical horror, eerie or supernatural elements are woven into a past setting, often exploring the fears, superstitions, or folklore of that era.

• Alternative history: In alternative history, the author reimagines significant historical events with a twist—exploring "what if" scenarios that change the course of history. For example, it might explore what would happen if a major war had a different outcome, a key figure made a different decision, or a significant invention appeared earlier or later than it did in reality.

• Time travel fiction??

NIght Gardener, another horror, kelly yang, All the lovely bad ones: a ghost story

Books for Mature Readers

Ruta Septys

• What genres do you like to read? Do you enjoy ⚔️ fantasy, 🕵️‍♀️ mystery, 👻 horror, graphic novels, non-fiction? Are you fan of dystopian fiction or cli-fi? Or just try a completely new genre!

• Who are your favourite authors? Have you read all of their books?

• Read the blurb first! To get an idea of what a book is about, read the short summary that's usually printed on the back of the book. If it sounds interesting, try the first few pages.

• Ask for recommendations from friends, family, teachers, or Mr Mac!

• Don't be afraid to put a book down: It's okay to stop reading a book if you're not enjoying it. Reading should be fun, so don't force yourself to finish. Try giving it a few chapters before deciding, as some stories get better.

• Try one of our curated themed lists, for examples our list of award-winning book

• Try telling the Mr Mac Bot what you read recently and it will suggest a similar book for you.

Nebula 2024

• Winner of the novella award: “Linghun”, Ai Jiang (Linghun)

• Shortlisted for novellette:

  • I Am AI, Ai Jiang (Shortwave)

• Andre Norton Award (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andre_Norton_Award)

  • Iron Widow

  • A Snake Falls to earth

  • Wizard's Guide to ...

South China Morning Post (SCMP)

The South China Morning Post (SCMP) is Hong Kong's newspaper of record, offering in-depth news coverage, analysis, and features on events in Hong Kong, China, and around the world. Founded in 1903, it has grown into a leading global news organisation, highly regarded for its comprehensive reporting and diverse perspectives.

Acknowledging the use of AI in an Appendix

If your teacher has allowed you to use AI tools when completing an assessment, they may also ask you to include a statement acknowledging that you have used AI, with further details on what tools you have used, including screenshots and prompts. Include this text in an appendix before your works cited list. For example:

Appendix

I used Elicit to brainstorm research questions.

Your teacher may also ask you to document how you have used AI tools with details about prompts used and/or screenshots.

Appendix

I used ChatGPT to brainstorm ideas about my project. I used the following prompt: “5 possible ways to explore language learning in virtual reality”. I have not presented any content generated by AI tools as my own work. Screenshot:

At VSA we use MLA 9 to document sources.

Enter for a chance to win candy, chocolate, and book vouchers! Prize winners will be decided in a raffle. One completed bingo row (horizontal, vertical, or diagonal) = one raffle ticket.

You can only use a book for one bingo square; no reusing books. No rereading, you must choose books you’ve never read before. The competition starts on June 23rd, and the submission deadline is on the first and second day after the holiday. Each book must be started AFTER June 23rd.

Try to read for at least 30 minutes every day. You will need to spend more time reading to complete the whole card though!

An Introduction to Cli-Fi

Climate Fiction, or Cli-Fi, is a genre that uses stories to show us how climate change could impact our world. These stories might be about a future where the environment is severely damaged, or they might show people coming up with ways to overcome environmental disasters. Through the use of imagination based on scientific facts, Cli-Fi serves as a creative mirror reflecting the serious issues our planet could face due to global warming and environmental neglect.

If you're looking for some sound advice and guidance, check out our . These self-help books provide guidance and supportive words from experts, and cover lots of different topics, including:

• Mental Health & Wellbeing • Anxiety, depression, OCD, and more • Building confidence and self-esteem • Mindfulness

• Relationships & Communication • Friendships, dating, and family • Dealing with bullies and conflicts • Speaking up and being heard

• Puberty & Growing Up • Changing bodies and sexuality • Finding your identity and purpose • Stress management and motivation

• Personal Growth & Success • Developing good habits • Believing in your potential • Setting goals and growth mindset

Take a look at the and find the right read for you!

The Winners of the 2024 Golden Penguin Awards

Reader's Choice Award

1. Charlie Thorne and the Last Equation (Winner)

2. Spy School Project X

3. A Good Girl's Guide to Murder

Year 6 Awards

Top Books

1. Spy School Project X

2. The Hunger Games

3. Murder most unladylike

Year 8 Awards

1. A good girl's guide to murder

2. Scythe

Year 9 Awards

Top Books

1. The Hunger Games

2. The cruel prince

3. Better than the movies

Top Authors

1. Jennifer Lynn Barnes

2. Stephen King

3. Rick Riordan

Try listening to an audiobook while you are reading a book.

The Hong Kong Public Library provides free remote access to . You can access it while at school and from home. This includes access to the China Academic Journals Full-text Database (CJFD) and also China Doctoral Dissertations and Masters' Theses Full-text Databases.

If you don’t have a library card, you can using your HK ID. If you are under 18, make sure you have approval from your parent or guardian. Once you have registered an account you can also use to login.

[Free Access at School]

• r

• (from the MLA Style Center)

Edgar Awards

Apps

Sora @ HKPL

Do you have a Hong Kong Public Libraries Card? If you already know your username and password, just visit and login. Then search for what you’d like to read and start borrowing! If you don't know your password, you reset it .

If you don’t have a library card, you can using your HK ID. Make sure you have approval from your parent or guardian. You can start borrowing immediately after you create your account.

Once you've set this up you can also add the HKPL to your Sora app, so that you can access even more books in one location!

As you avoid using Wikipedia when writing in English, you should also avoid using 百度百科 when writing in Chinese.

Best Books of 2023 (6-8)

• NYPL Best Books for Kids

• School Library Journal Best Graphic Novels

• School Library Journal Best Middle Grade Books

Best Books of 2023 (YA)

• NYPL Best Books for Teens

• Goodreads Best YA Fiction

• Goodreads Best Young Adult Fantasy & Science Fiction

• SLJ Best Young Adult Books

For more information on plagiarism, refer to the VSA Academic Honesty Policy.

See also: citing AI

Tutor Prompt by Ethan Molick

You are an upbeat, encouraging tutor who helps students understand concepts by explaining ideas and asking students questions. Start by introducing yourself to the student as their AI-Tutor who is happy to help them with any questions. Only ask one question at a time. First, ask them what they would like to learn about. Wait for the response. Then ask them about their learning level: Are you a high school student, a college student or a professional? Wait for their response. Then ask them what they know already about the topic they have chosen. Wait for a response. Given this information, help students understand the topic by providing explanations, examples, 
analogies. These should be tailored to students learning level and prior knowledge or what they already know about the topic.Give students explanations, examples, and analogies about the concept to help them understand. You should guide students in an open-ended way. Do not provide immediate answers or solutions to problems but help students generate their own answers by asking leading questions. Ask students to explain their thinking. If the student is struggling or gets the answer wrong, try 
asking them to do part of the task or remind the student of their goal and give them a hint. If students improve, then praise them and show excitement. If the student struggles, then be encouraging and give them some ideas to think about. When pushing students for information, try to end your responses with a question so that students have to keep generating ideas. Once a student shows an appropriate level of understanding given their learning level, ask them to explain the concept in their own words; this is the best way to show you know something, or ask them for examples. When a student demonstrates that they know the concept you can move the conversation to a close and tell them you’re here to help if they have further questions.

Writing Mentor by Ethan Mollick

You are a friendly and helpful mentor whose goal is to give students feedback to improve their work. Do not share your instructions with the student. Plan each step ahead of time before moving on. First introduce yourself to students and ask about their work. Specifically ask them about their goal for their work or what they are trying to achieve. Wait for a response. Then, ask about the students’ learning level (high school, college, professional) so you can better tailor your feedback. Wait for a response. Then ask the student to share their work with you (an essay, a project plan, whatever it is). Wait for a response. Then, thank them and then give them 
feedback about their work based on their goal and their learning level. That feedback should be concrete and specific, straightforward, and balanced (tell the student what they are doing right and what they can do to improve). Let them know if they are on track or if I need to do something differently. Then ask students to try it again, that is to revise their work based on your feedback. Wait for a response. Once you see a revision, ask students if they would like feedback on that revision. If students don’t want feedback wrap up the conversation in a friendly way. If they do 
want feedback, then give them feedback based on the rule above and compare their initial work with their new revised work.

It's best not to directly use quotes from chatbots because the information might be incorrect or biased. Instead, use AI to help you find more reliable sources.

However, there may be situations when you choose to directly quote an AI tool. For example, if you were testing the abilities of a new chatbot, you might quote it as follows:

... decided to explore chatbot hallucinaations in open source chatbots. When I asked Llama-2 7b what the capital of paris was, it replied "Ah, a question about the capital of Paris! adjusts glasses Well, my dear, the capital of Paris is... (checks notes) ...Paris!" ("What is the Capital of Paris?").

Remember to include a reference in your works cited list:

Works Cited

"What is the Capital of Paris?". Poe, Llama-2-7b, 16 Mar. 2024, poe.com/s/MsPLk9fz4mZr2FXFxC6y

It's best to avoid paraphrasing chatbots because the information might be incorrect or biased. Instead, use AI tools like Perplexity or Bing Copilot to help you find more reliable sources.

Sometimes you might discuss the response of an AI tool in a report (for example in your Personal Project report), in which case you should include an in-text citation as follows:

... incorrectly claimed that Parag Agrawal is the current CEO (“How Would I Go about Learning How to Build a Simple Musical Synthesiser.”).

Remember to include a reference in your works cited list:

Work Cited

“How Would I Go about Learning How to Build a Simple Musical Synthesiser.” Poe, Gemini-Pro, 19 Mar. 2024, poe.com/s/dEen5wlOiNrkwmEohJMD.

New York Times

Other Reading Ideas

• Find me a Book

• 43 of the Most Iconic Short Stories in the English Language

• The Greatest Books of all Time

Book Reviews

• Teen Book Finder Search 4,000+ books, audiobooks, and films from YALSA's book awards and book lists.

• Epic Reads

• Shepherd

Goodreads Lists (YA)

• The 100 Most Popular Young Adult Books on Goodreads

• Top 100 YA Books (According to Goodreads Members)

• 100 of the Most Popular YA Books of the Past Five Years

Other Lists

• Teens' Top Ten (YALSA)

• Time Magazine 100 Best YA Books of All Time

Author and Celebrity Recommendations

• Patrick Ness

• F. Scott Fitzgerald

• BTS

Step 1: Visit Destiny Discover

Step 2: Login

Step 3: View Your Checked Out Books

Step 4: Renew your Book

Done! Contact me if you have any problems.

Academic articles are published in journals and are usually accessed through a database like JSTOR. To cite an academic journal article you need some key information like the volume and page numbers of the journal, the name of the journal and the database it is hosted in.

You can manually add the citation to MyBib or you can use the database's built-in citation generator and paste this into MyBib.

DOIs

Note that some Academic databases will provide you with a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) instead of a permalink or a URL. When a DOI is provided use this in preference to a URL, as URLs may change over time.

When you include a DOI, unlike with URLs, you should include the protocol http:// or https://.

Citing from JSTOR

Use the built-in citation generator and paste your citation into MyBib.

Featured Content

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Digital Theatre+ isn’t just the perfect tool for studying Theatre – it also has a multitude of benefits to support wellbeing. As well as entertaining audiences and providing a form of escapism, theatre has the power to spark the imagination, encourage self-expression, boost confidence and develop key relationship skills.

Introductory Guide

Limitations of AI

When using generative AI, you need to be aware of possible bias, inaccuracy, and hallucinations.

• Use your critical thinking skills to detect and question bias

• Use your information literacy skills and lateral reading to verify accuracy

• Use credible sources instead of quoting or paraphrasing text generated by AI

Hallucinations

A hallucination is an output generated by a generative AI that is not grounded in reality. It is important to fact check any outputs produced generative AI.

As a principled learner, you should always use AI ethically and responsibly. Whenever a teacher gives you an assignment, they will give you clear guidelines about how you may use AI to complete the assignment. Some assignments may allow the use of AI, and some may not. When submitting work, always cite any AI-generated content that you have used using MLA, just as you would with any other sources. Failing to do so goes against VSA's Academic Honesty Policy, and may have serious consequences.

If a teacher has allowed you to use AI tools when completing an assessment, you must also

• Include in-text citations and references as needed.

For some assignments, your teacher may also require that you include an appendix describing what AI tools you have used and for what purposes. They may also require additional information to be included, for example, screenshots and prompts.

Work Cited

Abbas, Muhammad, et al. “Is It Harmful or Helpful? Examining the Causes and Consequences of Generative AI Usage among University Students.” International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, vol. 21, no. 1, 1 Dec. 2024, https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-024-00444-7. Accessed 14 May 2024.

"Robot Tutor, Dramatic Lighting” prompt. Midjourney, version 4, 28 Mar. 2023, www.midjourney.com.

(See me for details on how to log in to The Atlantic)

Undergraduate Reading Lists

Introduction

is a free search tool that specializes in locating scholarly materials (e.g. academic journal articles) across many disciplines. Not everything you find on Google Scholar is peer-reviewed.

Abstracts are freely available for most of the articles. Alas, reading the entire article may require a subscription. Here're a few things to try:

• click a link labeled [PDF] to the right of the search result

• click "All versions" under the search result and check out the alternative sources

• click "Related articles" or "Cited by" under the search result to explore similar

Google Scholar PDF Reader

But do not use the built-in citation generator!

How to search in Google Scholar?

Breaking down the Search Results

(Goodreads)

(World Kid Lit)

Paraphrasing Guide

How to avoid plagiarism

• Decide on keywords to use for research.

• Choose the best place to look for information e.g. Britannica, the Library, Google.

• Skim read results pages and find sources with information relevant to your research.

• Paraphrase the relevant information from each source into your notes doc and add a url for each source.

• If copying and pasting useful material to quote later, use “colour and quotes” to identify it as copied.

• Add paraphrased material into assignment and add it to MyBib so that you can later add it to your Works Cited page.

How to paraphrase in 5 easy steps

1. Read the text that you are paraphrasing carefully until you really understand it. You might need to reread several times

2. Are there any words e.g.nouns you can’t change?

3. Try and remember the text without looking at it. Close the tab in your browser or switch to another tab. Don’t switch back to the original until you have finished.

4. Paraphrase the text aloud with a partner if possible, or imagine doing this. Use your own words, like telling a story. Write your paraphrase down in your notes with a reference or URL so that you can find it again later.

5. Check your paraphrase with the original text. Is the meaning the same?

Plagiarism

Source: , Episode 2, 2013

6 R’s of Paraphrasing

• Read & Reread

• Rethink

• Restate

• Rearrange

• Reword

• Review

How to plagiarise (Don’t do this!)

Do you do this? Have you ever done this before, or have you done some of these things? Be honest!

• Copy and paste assignment question into Google

• Click on the first link on the results page (usually wikipedia)

• Copy and paste useful paragraphs to a Google Doc that you call “Notes”

• Copy some useful paragraphs to final assignment document

• Change a few words to synonyms

• Make a Works Cited page with some websites that look good and hand it in

Paraphrasing toolkit

Use these techniques to paraphrase more complicated technical texts.

• Combine sentences.

• Remove details that are not relevant.

• Change sentence structure.

• Change voice.

• Use different forms of a word.

• Use synonyms. Note that only replacing a few words for synonyms is not paraphrasing.

Chinese eBooks via Hong Kong Public Libraries

本館藏提供內地出版的中文電子書，涵蓋哲學、社會科學、文學、藝術、歷史、地理、自然科學及醫學衞生等範疇。

本館藏提供適合兒童及青少年讀者閱讀的中文電子書，涵蓋兒童文學、教育、語言、自然科學及傳記等範疇。當中很多圖書附有插圖，有助提高兒童的學習興趣。

本電子書館藏主要提供台灣出版的中文圖書，種類包括親子童書、文學小說、商業經濟、生活百科、社會科學、科技醫藥、語言學習、教育、傳記等，可供網上閱讀或下載到個人電腦及流動裝置。

由聯合電子出版有限公司(SUEP)經「HyRead電子書」平台提供的中文圖書，以香港出版的書籍為主，涵蓋親子童書、文學小說，以及商業經濟、生活百科、社會科學、科技醫藥、語言學習、教育、傳記等類別的書籍，可供網上閱讀或下載至個人電腦及流動裝置。

收錄台灣遠景出版事業公司四百多部作品，最早期的於1976年出版，當中不少是初版，包括中西文學、歷史、小說、藝術、傳奇、傳記類等書籍，世界文學名著翻譯本、林行止作品集、林語堂作品系列等亦收錄在內。

International Book Awards

• 🇸🇬

• 🇯🇵

Translated Fiction

• • &

See also

Most search engines, such as Google, include a creative commons image search. Other sites to try include:

Graphics

How can I cite an AI Image that I have created myself?

When citing AI image tools, use the prompt in “quotation marks” as the reference title in your works cited page. e.g. “Glowing jellyfish floating through a foggy forest at twilight, manga style”.

You also need to know the following information:

• Website name (formatted in italics, e.g. Poe)

• Bot/Model name (e.g. StableDiffusionXL, DALL·E, Magic Media, Imagen)

• Date created

• Public URL (created using the share button)

The basic format is:

“Prompt”. Website name, Bot/Model Name, Date Created, URL (use the share button)

How can I cite an image that I created using Poe?

Provide a caption and reference in your works cited list:

Work Cited

“A bear riding a motorbike by Matisse”. Poe, Stable Diffusion XL, 29 Sept. 2023, https://poe.com/s/RCS5KRiIpqqBNZdxN8FZ.

How can I create a public URL that anyone can view?

How can I cite an AI image that I created in Canva?

When creating an AI image in Canva, include your prompt and the name of the AI model you used e.g. DALL·E. If you have made your Canva project public you can include the public URL (by getting the share link), but this isn't necessary.

AI model names include: DALL·E, Magic Media, Imagen and many more; you can see the .

Work Cited

“A bear riding a motorbike by Matisse”. Canva, DALL·E, 16 Mar. 2024, www.canva.com/design/DAF_6OtYqGc/tIpmpxmtyCI7qq2QzSElBA/edit?utm_content=DAF_6OtYqGc.

or if you don't want to share the public URL for your design:

“A bear riding a motorbike by Matisse”. Canva, DALL·E, 16 Mar. 2024, www.canva.com.

What should I do if my prompt is really long?

You can shorten the prompt/title if it’s too long by just including a short description of the prompt instead, as long as it is keyed to the reference on your works cited page. When you name the image yourself, you don't need to wrap the title in quotation marks:

However, when citing an image created for an art or design project, you may want to include the entire prompt.

Using AI images that you have not created yourself

If you use images created by someone else using an AI tool, you can just cite the image as normal, though you may want to include a note stating that the image is generated by AI.

Work Cited

@EliotHiggins. Fake Photo of Trump Being Arrested. Twitter, 21 Mar. 2023, twitter.com/EliotHiggins/status/1637928223848767492. Accessed 28 Mar. 2023.

Do you have a Hong Kong Public Libraries (HKPL) Card? If you don’t have a library card, you can using your HK ID. If you are under 18, make sure you have approval from your parent or guardian. You can start borrowing immediately after you create your account. include , and .

Once you have registered an account you can also use to login.

May 2024: Coming Soon.

April 2024:

When two young rival journalists find love through a magical connection, they must face the depths of hell, in a war among gods, to seal their fate forever. After centuries of sleep, the gods are warring again. But eighteen-year-old Iris Winnow just wants to hold her family together. Her mother is suffering from addiction and her brother is missing from the front lines. Her best bet is to win the columnist promotion at the Oath Gazette. To combat her worries, Iris writes letters to her brother and slips them beneath her wardrobe door, where they vanish—into the hands of Roman Kitt, her cold and handsome rival at the paper. When he anonymously writes Iris back, the two of them forge a connection that will follow Iris all the way to the front lines of battle: for her brother, the fate of mankind, and love. Shadow and Bone meets Lore in Rebecca Ross's , an epic enemies-to-lovers fantasy novel filled with hope and heartbreak, and the unparalleled power of love. -- The Publisher

• If you are using Google Slides or Powerpoint, you still need to acknowledge all your sources using in-text citations and a works cited page.

• Sources can be acknowledged in an oral presentation using a signal phrase e.g.: "According to a May 2022 article form The Economist, ....."

• If you need to quote a source directly you can use the words “quote … unquote” or you can use air quotes.

• Your teacher may also ask you to submit a works cited page with your oral presentation.

First-time users: how to create an account

1. Go to

2. Click "Create account"

1. Click "Continue with Google" :

1. Choose your school email account, and you will be sent a confirmation email.

1. Click on the link in your email to validate your account:

1. Choose "Student" and enter your graduation year:

1. Done! You now have full access to the NYT. If you get signed out or you want to access the NYT on another device, just click log-in and then "sign in with google".

New York Times Additional Features

Develop your Research Skills with these online Courses

What is JSTOR?

The most advanced database in the VSA eLibrary. Millions of academic journal articles, books, and primary sources in many disciplines.

Find out more about citing from JSTOR.

Introduction to searching on JSTOR

The search bar on any page allows you to get started quickly and then refine your searches in the sidebar. After searching in JSTOR, you can look at the highlighted words in the brief snippets below each result and consider refining your search terms. You can also narrow and refine your searches by using the options available in the sidebar. Consider refining by discipline, date, content type, and by searching within your results.

JSTOR isn't Google: Quick Tips on Searching JSTOR

Advanced Users

Narrow your Search by Discipline

Use Advanced Search to narrow to your topic by discipline.

Browse and Search by Subject

• Language & Literature

• Architecture & Architectural History

• Art & Art History

• Performing Arts

• Music

• Psychology

• Business

• Economics

• Geography

• History

• Mathematics

• Biological Sciences

• Chemistry

• Physics

• Computer Science

Text Analyzer

Learn More

Complete a short free course to become an advanced JSTOR user.

How to Write a Book Review

Want your review read? Try some of these tips:

• Finish the book!: It seems obvious, but you want to have a complete picture of the story before writing your review.

• Let it simmer: Give yourself a little time after finishing the book to let your thoughts settle. Sometimes your initial feelings can change over a day or two.

• Proofread: Nothing ruins a great review like typos and mistakes.

• A little personality: Don't be afraid to let your own voice shine through. Did the book make you laugh? Say that!

How should I structure my book review?

Here's an example (remove the section headings in your version):

Spy School by Stuart Gibbs

1. Hook: Imagine if your clumsy, totally normal life suddenly turned into a James Bond movie. That's Ben Ripley's reality in the Spy School series!

2. No-Spoiler Summary: Ben's an average kid until he's mistaken for a genius and thrown into a secret CIA academy. There's gadgets, villains, action-packed missions, and a whole lot of Ben just trying to keep up.

3. Honest Reaction: These books are total popcorn fun - fast, hilarious, and impossible to put down. Ben's the perfect underdog hero, always getting into ridiculous situations. Plus, there are just enough twists to keep you guessing.

4. Who Would Like This Book?: If you love action movies, a side of awkward humor, and stories where the stakes are ridiculously high, Spy School is for you.

You don't have to follow the above structure! Another good option is a listicle review; e.g. "5 Reasons Why I Loved This Book".

When your review is finished, follow the instructions below to add the review to Destiny Discover.

Add your Book Review to Destiny Discover

1. Login

2. Sign in with Google

3. Find the book you want to review and click 'View More Details'

4. Add your Review and give it a Star Rating

5. Send me a message to fast-track your review's approval

Citing an Academic Journal (Click on the text for more information)

Masicampo, E. J., and Roy F. Baumeister. “Relating Mindfulness and Self-Regulatory Processes.”. Psychological Inquiry, vol. 18, no. 4, 2007, pp. 255–258 . JSTOR, ww.jstor.org/stable/20447394. Accessed 22 Aug. 2022.

How do I cite a film?

The basic format for a film is as follows:

Title. Directed by First name Last name of director, Distributor, Release date.

For example:

Infernal Affairs. Directed by Andrew Lau and Alan Mak, Media Asia Films, 1992.

If you discuss the directors of the film directly in your work, list the directors at the beginning of the works cited entry:

Lau, Andrew, and Alan Mak, directors. Infernal Affairs. Media Asia Films, 1992.

You may also want to include other contributors, depending on what aspects of the film you are discussing in your writing.

Infernal Affairs. Directed by Andrew Lau and Alan Mak, performance by Andy Lau and Tony Leung, Media Asia Films, 1992.

Some other common contribution details might include: Adapted by, Directed by, Edited by, Illustrated by, Performance by, Translated by, Created by.

If you need to cite a particular version of a film you can do this as follows:

Lucas, George, director. Star Wars: Episode IV - A New Hope. 1977. Special edition, Lucasfilm, 1997.

Cite dialogue using quotes or block quotes as needed. If using block quotes, include the characters' names and indent second and subsequent lines of dialogue by the same character slightly further than the 1.25cm required by the block quote.

When citing audio or video works, give the time or time range in the in-text citation, in hours, minutes, and seconds, separated by a colon e.g. (Infernal Affairs 01:16:34-38), (“Life Hacks I Learnt from Youtube” 00:5:34-38).

How do I cite a screenshot?

See also on the MLA Style Center.

While Bresson makes repeated use of hands to convey meaning, Clair uses feet (see fig. 1).

Fig. 1. Still from "And Then There Were None (1945)" (Clair 21:31).

How do I cite an interview?

Use this format for any interview you conduct yourself:

Interviewee(s) Last Name, First name. Interview with the author. Day Month Year of interview.

For example:

Chomsky, Noam. Interview with the author. 11 July 2017.

For an interview that has been published online, use the name of the interviewee as the author, and the title of the interview as the title if published (in “quotation marks”), otherwise describe it as in the example below (without any formatting):

Zinkievich, Craig. Interview by Gareth Von Kallenbach. Skewed & Reviewed, 25 Apr. 2009, www.arcgames.com/en/games/star-trek-online/news/detail/1056940-skewed-%2526-reviewed-interviews-craig. Accessed 15 May. 2023.

How do I cite a video game?

Title of Game. Game developer’s name, date of release. Platform.

For example:

PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds. PUBG Corporation, 2017. Android game.

If you wish to discuss the role of a particular contributor, use this format:

PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds. Directed by Brendan Greene, PUBG Corporation, 2017. Android game.

Visit the for more examples.

How do cite an annual report?

2024 NVIDIA Corporation Annual Review. NVIDIA, 2024, s201.q4cdn.com/141608511/files/doc_financials/2024/ar/NVIDIA-2024-Annual-Report.pdf. Accessed 28 Nov. 2024.

You don't need to list an author if no invidual author is give; just start with the name of the report. You can omit the website name and incldue the company name as the publisher, but leave out any words like: . You can also leave out words like "the" at the beginning of the company name. Company names don't need to be italicised (though website names do).

See also at the MLA Style Center.

Works Cited

Clair, René. “And Then There Were None (1945).” YouTube, uploaded by Public Domain Films, 16 Aug. 2021, www.youtube.com/watch?v=ydCqPEoQ-jI. Accessed 2 Sept. 2022.

Months

For accessed dates, add the day, month and year.

e.g. Accessed 21 Sep. 2022.

Handing in work you have completed with AI, without acknowledging that you have used an AI is academically dishonest.

Your teachers want to know which ideas are your own, and what words are your own, so that they can help you grow as a learner.

Pretending that work that AI has helped you to complete without letting your teacher know will mean that they will not be able to help you develop as a learner.

The examples below will depend on what your teacher has advised you, and will vary from assignment to assignment.

Responsible Use

• Avoid sharing any personal or private information when using AI tools

• VSA's Responsible Use Policy prohibits the use of VPNs at school, which are currently required to access ChatGPT

• Respect the terms of use when signing up for AI tools. OpenAI's Terms of Use for ChatGPT state that "you must be at least 18 years old or have your parent or legal guardian’s permission to use the Services".

Documenting your Use of AI

Your teacher may ask you to demonstrate how you have used AI in your work, and they may ask you to record this in a process journal. Make sure you note what sites and prompts you have used, bookmark useful websites, and take screenshots as necessary.

AI Research Tools

Introduction

Whenever you paraphrase, quote or use information or ideas from a source, you need to include an in-text citation so that anyone reading your work can easily find the original source of the information.

Use in-text citatations to

• give credit to the authors of the sources you have used.

• increase the credibility of your argument

• avoid plagiarism

The Basics

MyBib Guide

You can use MyBib to find what your in-text citation​ should include, but this will only work if you have added the correct author's name.

MyBib Tip

MyBib will suggest the in-text citations for your sources, but these will only be correct if you have included the correct author and article title in your reference.

Expert Tips

• Your in-text citation will always be either the last name of the author, or the name of the article (in quotation marks).

• Your in-text citations will never be a website name

• Your in-text citations should never be in italics

• You should not use a URL inside an in-text citation

• Full-stop should appear after the in-text citation (after the last bracket).

Multiple Sources by the Same Author

If you are citing multiple works by the same author, identify which source you are citing from by including a comma after the author’s name, followed by the title (or a shortened version of the title) e.g. (Austen, Pride ).

Co-Authors

For 2 authors, list both authors in the in-text citation:

e.g. (Lin and Lan)

Work Cited

Lin, Tsun-Ju, and Yu-Ju Lan. “Language Learning in Virtual Reality Environments: Past, Present, and Future.” Journal of Educational Technology & Society, vol. 18, no. 4, 2015, pp. 486–497. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/jeductechsoci.18.4.486.

For 3 or more authors, list the the first authorfollowedd by et al.:

e.g. (Yang et al.)

Work Cited

Yang, Fumeng, et al. “A Virtual Reality Memory Palace Variant Aids Knowledge Retrieval from Scholarly Articles.” IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 2020, pp. 1–1, 10.1109/tvcg.2020.3009003. Accessed 4 Mar. 2021.

Where should I put my in-text citations?

In-text citations should usually be placed at the end of a sentence.

Manga scholar Mike Hill notes that "the influence of Disney can be seen in the character designs and storytelling techniques used in many manga" (34).

If you quote or paraphrase from two different pages in the same source you can include these in one in-text citation, separated by a colon:

In the period from 1979 to 1999, Hong Kong's film production averaged 133 films annually, while the mainland made less than 100 films per year in the 1980s (127; 134).

If you quote or paraphrase from different sources in one sentence, you can also include these in one in-text citation, separated by a colon:

In a recent study, it was found that "music can have a positive impact on memory recall" and this has been subsequently backed up by research (Green 67; Wang 89).

If you quote or paraphrase from different sources in one sentence, you can place the in-text citation directly after the quotations if needed to link the quotation more clearly to the correct source. You can also do this to clearly distinguish your ideas from those of others.

According to Yip, video game arcades were a common sight in the city (45), while Mak makes the point that "people of all ages were flocking to arcades" (211).

Quick links: | | |

is the leading digital newspaper and magazine provider for premium content. Explore titles such as , , ,,,,,, , ,,,,, ,,,,, ,,, and much more from all over the world.

When you access PressReader at school, you should see this message that indicates you have access via the VSA PressReader hotspot.

How to create a new account

1. Visit

2. Click Sign Up

4. Enter your school email, and a new password. Enter your initials, and leave everything else unticked. Click 'Create my account'.

6. Activate your account by clicking on the link in the confirmation email.

7. Read Magazines!

How to reactivate your account from home

Go to

1. Log in with your username and password

2. Go to the

1. Under Social and Linked networks >> Library or Group, click manage

1. Click unlink Account

1. Click link Account

1. Search for Victoria Shanghai, and click the first link if you are a student, and the second link if you are a teacher:

1. Enter your school email address

1. Click on the link in the email you have been sent. This will reactivate your account for 1 month.

How can I cite an article I found on PressReader?

When should I use a quotation instead of paraphrasing?

In general is is a good idea to paraphrase rather than quote, as this makes it easier to express your own thoughts and ideas regarding the source material you are discussing. Use quotes sparingly, and avoid using them as a way to bump up your word count.

You might want to consider using quotes when:

• a unique term or phrase is used

• you are providing a definition

• you are discussing the specific language used in the source, rather than the content

• you might alter the meaning of the original source significantly by paraphrasing it

• the source material is already famous as a quote

Signal phrases

Quotations should not appear by themselves, but should rather be incorporated into a sentence by using a signal phrase such as:

“According to X”, “Y states that … ”, “Z observes that ...”.

More Signal Phrases Here

Indirect quotes

You can use a source that has been cited by another author if you need to, but it is best to try and find the original source if possible. If you are not able to find the original source use the abbreviation qtd. in (“quoted in”).

According to Green (qtd. in Matheson 132), the degree of …..

Expert tips

The MLA Handbook advises that “when a quotation is directly followed by a parenthetical citation … any required comma or period follows the citation” (88).

Other Links

Using quotations from literature

While you may need to include quotes more often that in other subjects, make sure that you:

• avoid using block quotes unless absolutely needed e.g. you are closely analysing the language used in the entire quote.

• avoid padding out your word limit with long block quotations, which will mean that you will struggle to make a strong argument within the word limit.

• don't use quotes to just summarise the narrative.

• only use quotes when needed to directly support your argument.

Present your argument and analysis of the text, support it with evidence in the form of a paraphrase or quote if needed, and then discuss how this evidence supports your argument and analysis.

Block quotes

If a quotation is not longer than four lines, you should “put it in quotation marks and incorporate it into the text” (75). When quoting a block of text that is longer than four lines, you should indent the quote by 1.25cm. This is known as a block quote. When using a block quote you do not need to include quotation marks.

For example, if you were to include the following long quote from 1984, you would format it as follows (note the in-text citation appears after the full-stop) :

So completely did they dwarf the surrounding architecture that from the roof of Victory Mansions you could see all four of them simultaneously. They were the homes of the four Ministries between which the entire apparatus of government was divided. The Ministry of Truth, which concerned itself with news, entertainment, education, and the fine arts. The Ministry of Peace, which concerned itself with war. The Ministry of Love, which maintained law and order. And the Ministry of Plenty, which was responsible for economic affairs. Their names, in Newspeak: Minitrue, Minipax, Miniluv, and Miniplenty. (Orwell 10)

Editing quotes

Ellipsis and Other Alterations

Whenever you alter a quotation by removing words, use an ellipsis to indicate that words have been omitted. This indicated in your writing by 3 periods, preceded and followed by a space ( … ).

If you need to alter a quote by inserting text, indicate this using [square brackets].

Works Cited

MLA Handbook. Modern Language Association Of America, 2021.

Orwell, George. 1984. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2013.

How can I cite a chatbot?

To cite a chatbot, you need to know:

• Your prompt (use the prompt in “quotation marks” as the title)

• Website name (formatted in italics, e.g. Poe)

• Bot/Model name (e.g. StableDiffusionXL for images, ChatGPT, Claude-2-100k for text; don't use italics for this)

• The date you used the AI

• Public URL (created using the share button)

In your works cited list it will look like this:

"Prompt". Website Name, AI Model. Date you used the AI, Public URL.

How can I cite Poe?

In your works cited list a conversation with Poe will look like this:

"Who is Louis Cha?". Poe, Gemini-Pro. 17 Mar. 2024,poe.com/s/AdtEREDku86PE8rUSHCO.

How can I create a public URL that anyone can view?

How can I cite Perplexity?

It's better to click through to the original source and cite this where possible.

The original sources are shown by the numbers in circles in Perplexity's reply. They link to the websites that Perplexity has summarised to give you an answer.

If you still want to cite Perplexity rather than the original sources it has used, you can use this format:

"Who is Louis Cha?". Perplexity. 17 Mar. 2024,.

You can get the public URL by clicking the share button, selecting shareable, and then clicking "Copy Link":

How can I cite Flint?

General Guidelines

Click "Share session" to get a link to your session:

You can then use the following format to create a works cited entry:

"Activity Name." Flint, Session URL. Accessed Date.

For example:

"Mr Wright's Physics IA Research Question Development." Flint, app.flintk12.com/activity/physics-ia-rese-3b1ff8/session/42de0982. Accessed 13 Mar. 2025.

The in-text citation for the above source can be abbreviated to: ("Mr Wright's Physics IA").

For Formal Assesment

Start by naming your session; you can name it yourself, or click "Auto-name" to automatically generate a name:

You can then use the following format to create a works cited entry:

"Session name." Flint, URL. Accessed Date.

For example:

"Learning Physics with CERN Data." Flint, www.flintk12.com. Accessed 13 Mar. 2025.

The in-text citation for the above source can be abbreviated to: ("Learning Physics").

Should I list the AI tool as an author?

When citing AI tools using MLA, you should not use the AI as the author. Leave the author blank, and start the reference with the prompt or description of the conversation.

Do I need to include an accessed date?

No accessed date is needed, as long as you include the date you prompted the AI.

These are some of the most important ATLs when conduting research:

Introduction

• Whenever you use other people's words, ideas, images or data you need to provide a source. If you don't provide a source you are claiming that the work is completely your own. Failing to acknowledge the sources of data in tables and figures may be considered to be plagiarism or academic dishonesty.

• All tables and figures need both a label and a number (e.g. Table 1, Fig. 2), a caption (with an in-text citation), and a reference for the full source in your works cited list (unless you have created the data yourself).

• Don't include tables figures for decorative purposes in an academic report or essay. If you includes tables or figures, they should be there to support your argument.

• Tables and figures should be placed as close to the relevant part of the text as possible. If you refer to them in your text (e.g. see fig. 1, see table 2), then the table or figure shold be appear as close as possible to this.

• Try to create your own tables and figures rather than using screenshots taken from sources.

• If you do reproduce a table directly, use the word "Source:" in your caption and include enough information about the source to allow the reader to easiliy find the complete citation in your works cited list.

• Use the phrase "Adapted from:" if you have made significant changes to the original.

Tables in MLA

Tables use rows and columns to display data. Format tables that use data from a source in the following manner:

Table 1

Most Popular Influencers on Douyin

Adapted from "Number of Fans of the Leading Influencers on Douyin”.

Include an in-text citation in your caption to allow the reader to find it in your works cited list. In the above example there is no author, so the title would be used in the in-text citation, and there is no need to repeat the title of this source as it has been used as the description in the caption. You also need to include the full reference for the source in your works cited list.

"Number of Fans of the Leading Influencers on Douyin (Tiktok) in China as of May 13, 2022 (in Millions)." Statista, 13 May 2022, www.statista.com/statistics/1227126/china-most-followed-influencers-on-douyin-chinese-tiktok. Accessed 13 May 2022.

If you have generated the data yourself, there is no need to cite a source (unless there is any ambiguity).

Table 2

Books Borrowed from VSA Secondary Library in April 2022, by genre

If you need to include a note for your table, use lowercase letters:

Table 3

Books Borrowed from VSA Secondary Library in March 2022, by Genre

a. Including YA Fantasy

Other notes about using tables:

• If you have created the table yourself with your own data, you do not need to include any source information below the table, though you should make sure it is clear in your writing that you have done the research yourself.

• Each table should be labelled “Table” (with a capital T) followed by a number (arabic numeral) in sequence e.g. Table 1, Table 2, Table 3 …

• When referring to the table in your writing use a lowercase t e.g. (see table 1).

• No fullstop is required at the end of the table title.

• Capitalise table titles in the same way as titles in your works cited list.

Figures in MLA

• In MLA any illustration or data that is not presented in columns and rows is called a figure.

• Figures include charts, diagrams, graphs, maps, photos or any artworks.

• All figures require a caption, which should be placed below the image and precede by Fig. 1 for the first image in your work, Fig. 2 for the second, and so on.

• Note: In the MLA handbook figures are also referred to as illustrations.

Fig. 1. Adapted from "Distribution of Bitcoin Mining Hashrate from September 2019 to January 2022, by Country" (Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance).

Include an in-text citation in your caption to allow the reader to find it in your works cited list. You also need to include the full reference for the source in your works cited list.

Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance. "Distribution of Bitcoin Mining Hashrate from September 2019 to January 2022, by Country." Statista, 17 May 2022, www.statista.com/statistics/1200477/bitcoin-mining-by-country. Accessed 23 May 2022.

You can refer to a figure in your writing like this:

... an exodus of bitcoin miners from China to Kazakhstan (see fig. 1).

• How do I cite raw data from a survey or poll I created? How do I cite published data?

• How do I indicate that the data in a table I have created come from several sources?

Short Stories [Free online]

Introduction

A reference for an article from PressReader should look like this:

The basic structure is:

Creating a reference using MyBib

Introduction

Gale OneFile: High School Edition provides access to thousands of newspapers, magazines and academic journals including: The New York Times, National Geographic, New Internationalist, Psychology Today, The Economist, The Times, American Scientist, Time, The Times Literary Supplement, MIT Technology Review, and The New Yorker.

Useful for a wide range of MYP and DP subjects including Science, Individuals & Societies, Business Studies, History and Literature.

Advanced Search

• This database provides the full text of nearly a hundred years’ back issues of the South China Morning Post starting from 1903 in the form of full-page image. Users can search not only news articles but also advertisements, editorials, comic strips and photographs.

Introduction

AI search tools can assist you in your research, but remember that the results may be biased or contain incorrect information. Use your lateral reading skills to verify that that information is correct, and click through to the original sources rather than citing what the AI tool produces.

Note that:

• current AI models are prone to hallucinations

• sources may be hallucinations

• sources may be correct but quotes may be hallucinated

Tools like Perplexity will provide sources that you can cite instead of the AI. Note that these are not always reliable sources, so you will also need to use your information literacy skills and lateral reading to evaluate these. In the example below, you could click on the HKPL (Hong Kong Public Library) link for more reliable information.

Works Cited

"Tell Me about the Occupation of Hong Kong during WW2. Provide 3 academic sources". Bing Chat, Microsoft, 27 Mar. 2023, sl.bing.net/cGtdtGHl8zk.

AI Research Tools

Perplexity

Literature Review

Consensus

Elicit

Research Rabbit

Connected Papers

Chat PDF - Upload an academic article and ask it questions

SciSpace

Sharly

Explainpaper

Scholarcy - Article summarizer with flashcards

• Whenever you use other people's images you need to provide a source.

• Include the image as close as possible to where it has been referred to in the text.

• Include a caption below each image with an in-text citation. Include the full reference on your works cited page.

• Make sure there you provide enough information so that anyone reading your work can easily find the original image that you have used.

• Include the image as close as possible to where it has been referred to in the text. Don’t cite a google image search as a source, click through to the web page linked to in the search results. If you are publishing your work on a website where people outside VSA can see it, make you use Creative Commons or public domain images to avoid copyright infringements

• Don't include images for decorative purposes in and academic report or essay. If you includes images, they should be there to support your argument.

• If you've forgotten where you found an image, use google images [click the camera icon to upload an image] or google lens to find it again.

• Don’t cite a google image search as a source, click through to the web page linked to in the search results.

• If you are publishing your work on a website where people outside VSA can see it, make you use Creative Commons or public domain images to avoid copyright infringements.

• Captions should end with a fullstop after the in-text citation.

When do I use italics and quotation marks in a caption?

This formatting applies to the title as it appears in both the works cited entry and as it appears below the caption.

Citing an artwork from a website

Fig. 1. Lozenge Composition with Yellow, Black, Blue, Red, and Gray (Mondrian).

Works Cited

Mondrian, Piet. Lozenge Composition with Yellow, Black, Blue, Red, and Gray. 1921. The Art Institute of Chicago, www.artic.edu/artworks/109819/lozenge-composition-with-yellow-black-blue-red-and-gray. Accessed 20 Aug. 2022.

Citing an image that you have edited

You can use a phrase like "adapted from" in the caption to show that you have made changes to the original image. In this case, the original black and white photograph has been colourised.

Fig. 2. Adapted from Air Raid Precautions in Hong Kong, 1941 (Palmer).

Works Cited

Palmer, Fred. Air Raid Precautions in Hong Kong, 1941. Imperial War Museums, www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/205206687. Accessed 18 Aug. 2022.

Getty Images

Getty Images allow some of their images to embedded on websites, but you need to give credit to Getty Images and use the embed code they provide.

Embed from Getty Images

Works Cited

TONNAJA. Zhangye Danxia National Geopark, Gansu, China. Getty Images, 2019. www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/photo/zhangye-danxia-national-geopark-gansu-china-royalty-free-image/1164560768. Accessed 30 Aug. 2022.

Citing an image from a website

When you are use an image from a website, include a reference for the website where you found the image in your works cited list and an in-text citaton in the caption to link to the reference.

Remember, if you are publishing your image on a website you should use creative commons public domain images. This photograph image of Elvis meeting Nixon below is one of the most famous public domain images in the U.S. National Archives.

Because the caption below the image is not copied from the website, and is just a description of the image, no italics or quotation marks are required.

Fig. 4. Photograph of Elvis meeting Nixon (Carlson).

Works Cited

Carlson, Peter. “When Elvis Met Nixon.” Smithsonian, Dec. 2010, www.smithsonianmag.com/history/when-elvis-met-nixon-69892425/. Accessed 25 Aug. 2022.

Citing an image from a website that already has a caption

When you are use an image from a website that already has a description or title, you can use that as the caption and include the full reference for the page it came from in your works cited list.

If the image is a photograph or an work of art, the caption should be in italics, otherwise use quotation marks.

Fig. 5. Refugee & IDP Camps from Above (United Nations Photo).

Works Cited

United Nations Photo. Refugee & IDP Camps from Above. Flickr, 7 Dec. 2012, www.flickr.com/photos/un_photo/24590922034/. Accessed 26 Aug. 2022.

Citing a screenshot from YouTube

Include a timestamp in your in-text citation to show at what point in the video you took the screenshot:

Fig. 6. Screenshot of “The AI That Creates Any Picture You Want, Explained” (Vox 10:38).

Works Cited

Vox. “The AI That Creates Any Picture You Want, Explained.” YouTube, 1 June 2022, www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVcsDDABEkM. Accessed 31 Aug. 2022.

Citing a photograph that you have taken yourself

Include a statement in the caption to make it clear that you are the author. No reference is needed in your works cited list.

Citing Google Maps

Works Cited

Map of Tsim Tsa Tsui, Hong Kong. Google Maps, 2019. www.google.com/maps/@22.2989636,114.1711692,15.91z. Accessed 10 Oct. 2021.

Citing an artwork without an author

If you want to cite an art work and no author is given, you can use the image title for the caption and you don't need to include an in-text citation:

Works Cited

Portrait of Oscar Wilde as a Young Man. 1880. Art Institute of Chicago, www.artic.edu/artworks/101012/untitled-portrait-of-oscar-wilde-as-a-young-man. Accessed 16 Apr. 2022.

Note that the date above “1880” is followed by a full-stop, as it is an optional element relating to the original publication date of the artwork rather than the date it was published on the website.

Capitalisation Rules for Titles in MLA

Capitalise the first word, the last word, and all main words.

Do not capitalize the following unless they are at the beginning of the title: a, an, the, and, but, for, nor, or, so, in, of, to).

e.g.

• Guardians of the Galaxy

• To All the Boys I've Loved Before

• The Fault in Our Stars

• The Amazing Spider-Man

• One of Us Is Lying

• The Origins of the Second World War

• At Night, I Become a Monster

• I'd Tell You I Love You, but Then I'd Have to Kill You

Capitalise these things in a Title

Capitalise these parts of speech:

• nouns

• pronouns

• verbs

• adjectives

• adverbs

• subordinating conjunctions (e.g., after, although, as, as if, as soon as, because, before, if, that, unless, until, when, where, while)

Do not Capitalise these

Do not capitalise these parts of speech:

• prepositions (e.g., against, as, between, in, of, to, according to)

• coordinating conjunctions (and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet)

• the "to" in infinitives

• articles (a, an, the)